Hibernation (Brumation) Recommendations for Tortoises & Turtles

What Is Hibernation (Brumation)?

Hibernation, also called brumation in reptiles, is a natural survival strategy used by many turtle and tortoise species to withstand cold weather. As cold-blooded animals, they cannot generate their own body heat. When temperatures drop, their metabolism slows dramatically; digestion, immune function, and activity all decrease.

For species that naturally hibernate, this process is a normal and healthy part of their yearly cycle and can even be essential to long-term health.

Important Considerations

• Not all species hibernate. Know your species before preparing them for hibernation. Some tortoises (e.g., sulcatas) do not hibernate and must be kept warm year-round.

• Only healthy animals should hibernate. Sick or underweight tortoises should not be allowed to hibernate — this can be life-threatening.

• Good body condition is essential. A tortoise must have adequate fat and water reserves to survive hibernation safely.

Pre-Hibernation Preparation

Veterinary Exam

Schedule a pre-hibernation checkup between late August and mid-September.

We will:

• Perform a physical exam to check for signs of illness (runny nose, eye discharge, respiratory issues)

• Assess body condition and weight

• Recommend fecal parasite testing

• Perform bloodwork to check for infection and organ health

• Take radiographs (X-rays) to check for bladder stones or retained eggs

We also recommend a post-hibernation exam to ensure your pet is healthy after waking up.

Home Preparation

• Observe activity: As nights cool into the 60s (September/October), most outdoor tortoises will naturally slow down.

• Stop supplemental produce: Allow them to eat natural forage, but stop offering produce 2–3 weeks before hibernation to clear the digestive tract.

• Weekly soaks: Provide shallow warm-water soaks to encourage hydration and help empty the bladder and bowels before hibernation.

• Provide a hibernaculum (burrow): Build a safe, dry, insulated burrow or shelter to protect against cold and moisture. Adding hay or straw can help maintain stable temperatures.

Hibernation Guidelines

• Ideal Ground Temperature:40–50°F

• Too Warm (>60°F): Tortoise will burn through fat reserves too quickly

• Too Cold (<39°F): Risk of tissue damage, blindness, and death

Use a soil thermometer to monitor temperatures inside the burrow.

If temperatures are unsafe for extended periods:

• Move your tortoise indoors to a cool, insulated area (garage, reptile-safe fridge setup)

• Or forgo hibernation entirely and keep them warm until conditions are right

Monitoring During Hibernation

• Check monthly to ensure the tortoise appears normal and has not lost excessive weight

• Watch for abnormal activity — basking attempts, staying awake, or signs of illness

• If concerned, wake your tortoise and contact us for an exam

Non-Hibernating Species

Tortoises that do not hibernate (e.g., sulcatas, leopard tortoises) require a heated shelter year-round to stay healthy. We can help you design a safe, insulated tortoise house with proper heat.

📞 Schedule your pre-hibernation exam: 480-530-0370
🌐 Learn more: www.treeoflifeexotics.vet

Proper preparation is the key to a safe hibernation. Our veterinarians can guide you every step of the way to ensure your turtle or tortoise stays healthy through the winter.