Several tumors have been identified that can develop in the subcutaneous tissue (under the skin) in rabbits. Benign tumors such as trichoepitheliomas and fibromas aren’t uncommon. Unfortunately, cancerous tumors are also possible and include squamous cell carcinomas, basal cell tumors, apocrine carcinoma, sebaceous adenocarcinoma, malignant melanoma, leiomyoma/sarcoma, myxosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and nerve sheath tumors. Several viruses can cause tumors in rabbits such as Rabbit fibroma virus, Rabbit papillomavirus, and myxomatosis.
Other causes of swellings that may mimic tumors include bacterial infections and abscesses, cutaneous foreign bodies, and dental disease that results in swelling along the jaw bones.
Your veterinarian will start with a thorough physical examination to characterize the mass physically. A needle aspirate biopsy may be performed to determine the type of mass involved prior to surgical removal. Once removed, masses should be submitted to a pathologist for full evaluation. Your vet may also recommend a complete blood count and serum biochemistry panel to evaluate the overall health of the patient.
Surgical removal of tumors under general anesthesia is ideal. Patients should be prescribed appropriate pain control following the procedure.
The patient’s prognosis depends on the extent of affected tissues, type of tumor, location, and if surgical removal is possible.
Recommendations for recheck examination depend on the extent of surgery required for removal. Owners should monitor closely for reduced appetite, changes in defecation, discharge, redness, or any new swellings.
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